Red letter tiles spelling 'COMMODITY' for a guide on factors influencing prices.

Understanding what influences commodity market prices

The commodities market might seem distant from your daily life, but its impact is felt in the rising costs of everyday essentials like milk, oil, and detergent. Understanding what influences commodity prices is crucial for anyone involved in trading. This can be inferred from a fascinating interplay of fundamental and speculative factors that create the unpredictable landscape of commodity market rates

Why do commodity prices fluctuate? Fundamental factors affecting commodity prices

Several fundamental factors play a crucial role in determining commodity prices, these include:

  1. Supply and Demand: The most basic factor influencing prices is the balance between supply and demand. When demand exceeds supply, prices rise, and vice versa. For instance, increased gold jewelry demand in India during wedding season can drive up gold prices.
  2. Weather and Natural Disasters: Agricultural commodities are particularly susceptible to weather conditions. Droughts, floods, and hurricanes can devastate crops and disrupt supply chains, leading to price fluctuations.
  3. Geopolitical Events: Political instability, conflicts, and sanctions in major commodity-producing regions can disrupt supply. The Russia-Ukraine war, for example, led to significant increases in crude oil and natural gas prices.
  4. Economic Indicators: GDP growth, employment figures, and consumer sentiment can impact commodity markets. Strong economic growth typically increases demand for industrial commodities.
  5. Currency Exchange Rates: With commodities often priced in US dollars, there's usually an inverse relationship between USD strength and commodity prices.
  6. Government Policies and Regulations: Tariffs, subsidies, and environmental regulations can affect the production, import, and export of commodities.
  7. Technology and Innovation: Technological advancements, like improved drilling techniques in the oil industry, can increase production and potentially lower prices.

Infographic showing fundamental factors affecting commodity market prices

List of fundamental factors that influence commodity market prices 

Speculative factors that affect commodity prices

While fundamental factors provide the foundation, speculative factors add layers of complexity to commodity pricing, these include:

  1. Investor Sentiment: The overall mood of investors can drive speculative buying or selling, pushing prices up or down regardless of fundamental factors.
  2. Hedge Funds and Speculators: Large institutional investors can significantly impact price volatility through their trading strategies and positions.
  3. Market Liquidity: The level of trading activity can affect price stability. Thinly traded commodities may experience more significant price swings due to large trades.
  4. Technical Analysis: Many traders use historical price charts and patterns to make decisions, which can influence short-term price movements.
  5. Options and Futures Contracts: The trading of these financial instruments can impact spot prices of commodities, introducing concepts like backwardation and contango.
  6. Speculative Bubbles: Excessive buying can lead to prices rising far above intrinsic values, often followed by sharp corrections when the bubble bursts.

Infographic showing speculative factors affecting commodity market prices

List of speculative factors that influence commodity market prices‍

Commodity prices: The Interplay of factors

The commodity market is a complex ecosystem where fundamental and speculative factors interact continuously. By understanding the interplay of fundamental and speculative factors, traders and consumers alike can better navigate the fluctuations in commodity prices, this knowledge empowers you to make more informed decisions in an ever-evolving economic landscape.

On Deriv, you can trade commodities on a variety of trading platforms, each with its own unique advantages — Deriv MT5 and Deriv X for CFDs, and Deriv Trader, Deriv Bot, and SmartTrader for digital options. Open your free practice trading account and dive into the commodities market today!

Disclaimer:

Trading is risky. Past performance is not indicative of future results. It is recommended to do your own research prior to making any trading decisions.

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